Grounding connects the system or equipment to earth; bonding establishes electrical continuity and an effective ground-fault current path.
Normally non-current-carrying conductive materials likely to become energized shall be connected together and to the electrical supply source in the manner required by Article 250.
The equipment grounding conductor, grounding electrode conductor, grounded conductor, and bonding jumpers perform different functions.
Exceptions / Watch Items
Services, separately derived systems, and special occupancies each have distinct bonding points and rule paths.
Common Field Gotchas
Do not install neutral-to-ground bonds downstream where objectionable current can be created.
Do not treat earth as the effective fault-current return path.
